In 2009, the Australian CSIRO was awarded $200 Million after a patent settlement with 14 technology companies, with a further $220 Million awarded in 2012 after legal proceedings with 23 companies. A consensus has not been reached globally and is a controversial topic. Australia, the United States and The Netherlands simultaneously claim the invention of Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi uses a large number of patents held by many different organizations. This was in collaboration with the same group that helped create the standard: Vic Hayes, Bruce Tuch, Cees Links, Rich McGinn, and others from Lucent. It was the first mass consumer product to offer Wi-Fi network connectivity, which was then branded by Apple as AirPort.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MODEM AND ROUTER IN HINDI SERIES
adopting Wi-Fi for their iBook series of laptops in 1999. The major commercial breakthrough came with Apple Inc. In 1999, the Wi-Fi Alliance formed as a trade association to hold the Wi-Fi trademark under which most IEEE 802.11 products are sold. This was updated in 1999 with 802.11b to permit 11 Mbit/s link speeds. The first version of the 802.11 protocol was released in 1997, and provided up to 2 Mbit/s link speeds. Īt about the same time in Australia, a prototype test bed for a wireless local area network (WLAN) was developed in 1992 by a team of researchers from the Radiophysics Division of the CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) in Australia, led by Dr John O'Sullivan, but this had nothing to do with the invention of WiFi and is seen by some as an instance of patent trolling. They have both been subsequently inducted into the Wi-Fi NOW Hall of Fame. NCR's Vic Hayes, who held the chair of IEEE 802.11 for 10 years, along with Bell Labs engineer Bruce Tuch, approached the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) to create a standard and were involved in designing the initial 802.11b and 802.11a standards within the IEEE. In 1991, the NCR Corporation in the Netherlands with AT&T Corporation invented the precursor to 802.11, intended for use in cashier systems, under the name WaveLAN. These frequency bands include the same 2.4 GHz bands used by equipment such as microwave ovens, and are thus subject to interference. Federal Communications Commission released parts of the ISM bands for unlicensed use for communications. As of 2019, some versions of Wi-Fi, running on suitable hardware at close range, can achieve speeds of 9.6 Gbit/s ( gigabit per second). Over time, the speed and spectral efficiency of Wi-Fi have increased. Hotspot coverage can be as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves or as large as many square kilometres using many overlapping access points with roaming permitted between them. An access point range is about 20 m (66 ft) indoors, while some access points claim up to a 150 m (490 ft) range outdoors. may greatly reduce range, but this also helps minimize interference between different networks in crowded environments. Many common obstructions such as walls, pillars, home appliances, etc. Wi-Fi's radio bands have relatively high absorption and work best for line-of-sight use. Channels can be shared between networks, but, within range, only one transmitter can transmit on a channel at a time.Ī newly installed home Wi-Fi network in April 2022 Wi-Fi most commonly uses the 2.4 gigahertz (120 mm) UHF and 5 gigahertz (60 mm) SHF radio bands these bands are subdivided into multiple channels.
Different versions of Wi-Fi are specified by various IEEE 802.11 protocol standards, with different radio technologies determining radio bands, maximum ranges, and speeds that may be achieved. Compatible devices can network through wireless access points with each other as well as with wired devices and the Internet. Wi-Fi uses multiple parts of the IEEE 802 protocol family and is designed to work seamlessly with its wired sibling, Ethernet. As of 2019, over 3.05 billion Wi-Fi-enabled devices are shipped globally each year.
As of 2017, the Wi-Fi Alliance consisted of more than 800 companies from around the world. Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance, which restricts the use of the term " Wi-Fi Certified" to products that successfully complete interoperability certification testing. These are the most widely used computer networks in the world, used globally in home and small office networks to link devices together and to a wireless router to connect them to the Internet, and in wireless access points in public places like coffee shops, hotels, libraries, and airports to provide visitors with Internet connectivity for their mobile devices. Wi-Fi ( / ˈ w aɪ f aɪ/) is a family of wireless network protocols based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio waves.
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